The following is the population breakdown for the United States in 1860.

STATETOTAL POPULATIONTOTAL # OF SLAVES# OF FAMILIESTOTAL FREE POPULATIONTOTAL # SLAVEHOLDERS% OF FAMILIES OWNING SLAVESSLAVES AS % OF POPULATION
ALABAMA964,201435,08096,603529,12133,73035%45%
ARKANSAS435,450111,11557,244324,33511,48120%26%
CALIFORNIA379,985098,767379,99400%0%
CONNECTICUT460,138094,831460,14700%0%
DELAWARE112,2161,79818,966110,4185873%2%
FLORIDA140,42461,74515,09078,6795,15234%44%
GEORGIA1,057,286462,198109,919595,08841,08437%44%
ILLINOIS1,711,9420315,5391,711,95100%0%
INDIANA1,350,4190248,6641,350,42800%0%
IOWA674,9040124,098674,91300%0%
KANSAS107,206221,912107,20420%0%
KENTUCKY1,155,684225,483166,321930,20138,64523%20%
LOUISIANA708,002331,72674,725376,27622,03329%47%
MAINE628,2700120,863628,27900%0%
MARYLAND687,04987,189110,278599,86013,78312%13%
MASSACHUSETTS1,231,0570251,2871,231,06600%0%
MICHIGAN749,1040144,761749,11300%0%
MINNESOTA172,014037,319172,02300%0%
MISSISSIPPI791,305436,63163,015354,67430,94349%55%
MISSOURI1,182,012114,931192,0731,067,08124,32013%10%
NEBRASKA28,841155,93128,82660%0%
NEVADA6,84802,0276,85700%0%
NEW HAMPSHIRE326,064069,018326,07300%0%
NEW JERSEY672,0350130,348672,01700%0%
NEW YORK3,880,7260758,4203,880,73500%0%
NORTH CAROLINA992,622331,059125,090661,56334,65828%33%
OHIO2,339,5020434,1342,339,51100%0%
OREGON52,456011,06352,46500%0%
PENNSYLVANIA2,906,2060524,5582,906,21500%0%
RHODE ISLAND174,611035,209174,62000%0%
SOUTH CAROLINA703,708402,40658,642301,30226,70146%57%
TENNESSEE1,109,801275,719149,335834,08236,84425%25%
TEXAS604,215182,56676,781421,64921,87828%30%
VERMONT315,089063,781315,09800%0%
VIRGINIA1,596,318490,865201,5231,105,45352,12826%31%
WISCONSIN775,8720147,473775,88100%0%
Total31,183,5823,950,5285,155,60827,233,198393,9758%13%

Further Reading

Us Census Bureau